Principle, Classification, Advantages and Disadvantages of Isostatic Pressing

The principle of isostatic pressing

The isostatic pressing technology is to place the powder of the sample to be pressed in a high-pressure container, and use the incompressibility of the liquid or gas medium and the property of uniform pressure transfer to uniformly press the sample from all directions. When the liquid medium passes through the pressure When the pump is injected into the pressure vessel, according to the principles of fluid mechanics, its pressure is constant and uniformly transmitted to all directions. At this time, the pressure of the powder in the high-pressure container in all directions is uniform and consistent in size. The method of forming the barren powder into a dense body by the above method is called isostatic pressing.

Classification

Isostatic pressing technology is a molding technology that can provide isotropic and ultra-high molding pressure for products. According to the different molding temperature, it can be divided into three categories: hot isostatic pressing (HIP), warm isostatic pressing (WIP) and cold isostatic pressing (CIP).

The hot isostatic pressing process is to place the product in a closed container, apply equal pressure in all directions to the product and at the same time apply high temperature, under the action of high temperature and high pressure, the product can be sintered or densified. Hot isostatic pressing equipment consists of high pressure vessel, heating furnace, compressor, vacuum pump, gas storage tank, cooling system and computer control system, among which the high pressure vessel is the key device of the whole equipment.

Cold isostatic pressing technology is to use rubber or plastic as the covering mold material at room temperature, and use liquid as the pressure medium, mainly for powder material molding, to provide green body for further sintering or hot isostatic pressing process. Cold isostatic pressing technology is divided into wet bag method and dry bag method.

Warm isostatic pressing technology Warm isostatic pressing technology, the pressing temperature is generally 80 ~ 120 ℃. There are also special liquid or gas transmission pressures at 250~450℃, and the operating pressure is about 300MPa. It is mainly used for graphite and polyamide rubber materials that cannot be formed by powder materials at room temperature. in order to obtain solid bodies at elevated temperatures.

Advantages and disadvantages of isostatic pressing technology

Advantage:

1. The products formed by isostatic pressing have high density.

2. The density of the compact is uniform.

3. Because the density is uniform, the length-diameter ratio can be unlimited, which is beneficial to the production of rod-shaped, tubular and thin and long products.

4. The isostatic pressing process generally does not need to add lubricant to the powder, which not only reduces the pollution to the product, but also simplifies the manufacturing process.

5. The products formed by isostatic pressing have excellent performance, short production cycle and wide application range.

Disadvantage:

The disadvantage of the isostatic pressing process is that the process efficiency is low and the equipment is expensive.

application

Cold isostatic pressing technology has a wide range of applications in the ceramic industry, powder metallurgy, carbon graphite products, and food processing industries.

Hot isostatic pressing technology can be applied to improve the microstructure of metal materials, produce near-net-size metal parts, hot-press sintering of special ceramics, densify ceramics and cemented carbide, eliminate or repair product defects, etc.

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